Walkthrough: Saving Data to a Database (Multiple Tables)

Artikel
04/28/2015

One of the most common scenarios in application development is to display data on a form in a Windows application, edit the data, and send the updated data back to the database. This walkthrough creates a form that displays data from two related tables and shows how to edit records and save changes back to the database. This example uses the Customers and Orders tables from the Northwind sample database.

You can save data in your application back to the database by calling the Update method of a TableAdapter. When you drag items from the Data Sources window, code to save data is automatically added for the first table dropped onto a form. Any additional tables added to a form require the manual addition of any code required to save data. This walkthrough shows how to add code to save updates from more than one table.

Note

The dialog boxes and menu commands you see might differ from those described in Help depending on your active settings or edition. To change your settings, choose Import and Export Settings on the Tools menu. For more information, see Customizing Development Settings in Visual Studio.

Tasks illustrated in this walkthrough include:

Creating a new Windows Application project.
Creating and configuring a data source in your application with the Data Source Configuration Wizard.
Setting the controls of the items in the Data Sources Window. For more information, see How to: Set the Control to be Created when Dragging from the Data Sources Window.
Creating data-bound controls by dragging items from the Data Sources window onto your form.
Modifying a couple records in each table in the dataset.
Modifying the code to send the updated data in the dataset back to the database.

Prerequisites

In order to complete this walkthrough, you will need:

Access to the Northwind sample database. For more information, see How to: Install Sample Databases.

Creating the Windows Application

The first step is to create a Windows Application. Assigning a name to the project is optional at this step but we will give it a name because we are planning on saving it later.

To create the new Windows Application project

From the File menu, create a new project.
Name the project UpdateMultipleTablesWalkthrough.
Select Windows Application and click OK. For more information, see Developing Client Applications with the .NET Framework.

The UpdateMultipleTablesWalkthrough project is created and added to Solution Explorer.

Creating the Data Source

This step creates a data source from the Northwind database using the Data Source Configuration Wizard. You must have access to the Northwind sample database to create the connection. For information on setting up the Northwind sample database, see How to: Install Sample Databases.

To create the data source

On the Data menu, click Show Data Sources.
In the Data Sources window, click Add New Data Source to start the Data Source Configuration Wizard.
Select Database on the Choose a Data Source Type page, and then click Next.
On the Choose your Data Connection page do one of the following:
- If a data connection to the Northwind sample database is available in the drop-down list, select it.
  
  -or-
- Select New Connection to open the Add/Modify Connection dialog box.
If your database requires a password, select the option to include sensitive data, and then click Next.
Click Next on the Save connection string to the Application Configuration file page.
Expand the Tables node on the Choose your Database Objects page.
Select the Customers and Orders tables, and then click Finish.

The NorthwindDataSet is added to your project and the tables appear in the Data Sources window.

Setting the Controls to be Created

For this walkthrough the data in the Customers table will be in a Details layout where data is displayed in individual controls. The data from the Orders table will be in a Grid layout displayed in a DataGridView control.

To set the drop type for the items in the Data Sources Window

Expand the Customers node in the Data Sources window.
Change the control of the Customers table to individual controls by selecting Details from the control list on the Customers node. For more information, see How to: Set the Control to be Created when Dragging from the Data Sources Window.

Creating the Data-bound Form

You can create the data-bound controls by dragging items from the Data Sources window onto your form.

To create data-bound controls on the form

Drag the main Customers node from the Data Sources window onto Form1.

Data-bound controls with descriptive labels appear on the form, along with a tool strip (BindingNavigator) for navigating records. A NorthwindDataSet, CustomersTableAdapter, BindingSource, and BindingNavigator appear in the component tray.
Drag the related Orders node from the Data Sources window onto Form1.

Note

The related Orders node is located below the Fax column and is a child node of the Customers node.

A DataGridView control and a tool strip (BindingNavigator) for navigating records appear on the form. An OrdersTableAdapter and BindingSource appear in the component tray.

Adding Code to Update the Database

You can update the database by calling the Update methods of the Customers and Orders TableAdapters. By default, an event handler for the BindingNavigator's Save button is added to the form's code to send updates to the database. This procedure modifies that code to send updates in the proper order to eliminate the possibility of raising referential integrity errors. The code also implements error handling by wrapping the update call in a try-catch block. You can modify the code to suit the needs of your application.

Note

For clarity this walkthrough does not use a transaction, but if you are updating two or more related tables, then you should include all the update logic within a transaction. A transaction is a process that assures all related changes to a database are successful before committing any changes. For more information, see Performing Transactions.

To add update logic to the application

Double-click the Save button on the BindingNavigator to open the Code Editor to the bindingNavigatorSaveItem_Click event handler.

Replace the code in the event handler to call the Update methods of the related TableAdapters. The following code first creates three temporary data tables to hold the updated information for each DataRowState (Deleted, Added, and Modified). Then updates are executed in the proper order. The code should look like the following:

Me.Validate()
Me.OrdersBindingSource.EndEdit()
Me.CustomersBindingSource.EndEdit()

Dim deletedOrders As NorthwindDataSet.OrdersDataTable = CType(
    NorthwindDataSet.Orders.GetChanges(Data.DataRowState.Deleted), NorthwindDataSet.OrdersDataTable)

Dim newOrders As NorthwindDataSet.OrdersDataTable = CType(
    NorthwindDataSet.Orders.GetChanges(Data.DataRowState.Added), NorthwindDataSet.OrdersDataTable)

Dim modifiedOrders As NorthwindDataSet.OrdersDataTable = CType(
    NorthwindDataSet.Orders.GetChanges(Data.DataRowState.Modified), NorthwindDataSet.OrdersDataTable)


Try 
    ' Remove all deleted orders from the Orders table. 
    If Not deletedOrders Is Nothing Then
        OrdersTableAdapter.Update(deletedOrders)
    End If 

    ' Update the Customers table.
    CustomersTableAdapter.Update(NorthwindDataSet.Customers)

    ' Add new orders to the Orders table. 
    If Not newOrders Is Nothing Then
        OrdersTableAdapter.Update(newOrders)
    End If 

    ' Update all modified Orders. 
    If Not modifiedOrders Is Nothing Then
        OrdersTableAdapter.Update(modifiedOrders)
    End If

    NorthwindDataSet.AcceptChanges()

Catch ex As Exception
    MsgBox("Update failed")

Finally 
    If Not deletedOrders Is Nothing Then
        deletedOrders.Dispose()
    End If 

    If Not newOrders Is Nothing Then
        newOrders.Dispose()
    End If 

    If Not modifiedOrders Is Nothing Then
        modifiedOrders.Dispose()
    End If 
End Try

this.Validate();
this.ordersBindingSource.EndEdit();
this.customersBindingSource.EndEdit();

NorthwindDataSet.OrdersDataTable deletedOrders = (NorthwindDataSet.OrdersDataTable)
    northwindDataSet.Orders.GetChanges(DataRowState.Deleted);

NorthwindDataSet.OrdersDataTable newOrders = (NorthwindDataSet.OrdersDataTable)
    northwindDataSet.Orders.GetChanges(DataRowState.Added);

NorthwindDataSet.OrdersDataTable modifiedOrders = (NorthwindDataSet.OrdersDataTable)
    northwindDataSet.Orders.GetChanges(DataRowState.Modified);

try
{
    // Remove all deleted orders from the Orders table. 
    if (deletedOrders != null)
    {
        ordersTableAdapter.Update(deletedOrders);
    }

    // Update the Customers table.
    customersTableAdapter.Update(northwindDataSet.Customers);

    // Add new orders to the Orders table. 
    if (newOrders != null)
    {
        ordersTableAdapter.Update(newOrders);
    }

    // Update all modified Orders. 
    if (modifiedOrders != null)
    {
        ordersTableAdapter.Update(modifiedOrders);
    }

    northwindDataSet.AcceptChanges();
}

catch (System.Exception ex)
{
    MessageBox.Show("Update failed");
}

finally
{
    if (deletedOrders != null)
    {
        deletedOrders.Dispose();
    }
    if (newOrders != null)
    {
        newOrders.Dispose();
    }
    if (modifiedOrders != null)
    {
        modifiedOrders.Dispose();
    }
}

Testing the Application

To test the application

Press F5.
Make some changes to the data of one or more records in each table.
Press the Save button.
Check the values in the database to verify that the changes were saved.

Next Steps

Depending on your application requirements, there are several steps you may want to perform after creating a data-bound form in your Windows application. Some enhancements you could make to this walkthrough include:

Adding search functionality to the form. For more information, see How to: Add a Parameterized Query to a Windows Forms Application.
Editing the data source to add or remove database objects. For more information, see How to: Edit a Dataset.

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