Beispiel für ein C-Multithreadprogramm

Aktualisiert: November 2007

Bei Bounce.c handelt es sich um ein Beispiel für ein Multithreadprogramm, von dem bei jeder Eingabe des Buchstabens a bzw. A ein neuer Thread erstellt wird. Bei jedem Thread bewegt sich ein lachendes Gesicht in einer anderen Farbe über den Bildschirm. Es können bis zu 32 Threads erstellt werden. Die reguläre Beendung des Programms erfolgt, wenn der Buchstabe q bzw. Q eingegeben wird. Informationen über die Kompilierung und Bindung von Bounce.c finden Sie unter Kompilieren und Binden von Multithreadprogrammen.

Beispiel

Code

// sample_multithread_c_program.c
// compile with: /c
//
//  Bounce - Creates a new thread each time the letter 'a' is typed.
//  Each thread bounces a happy face of a different color around
//  the screen. All threads are terminated when the letter 'Q' is
//  entered.
//

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <conio.h>
#include <process.h>

#define MAX_THREADS  32

// The function getrandom returns a random number between 
// min and max, which must be in integer range.
#define getrandom( min, max ) (SHORT)((rand() % (int)(((max) + 1) - \
                               (min))) + (min))

int main( void );                    // Thread 1: main 
void KbdFunc( void  );               // Keyboard input, thread dispatch
void BounceProc( void * MyID );      // Threads 2 to n: display 
void ClearScreen( void );            // Screen clear 
void ShutDown( void );               // Program shutdown 
void WriteTitle( int ThreadNum );    // Display title bar information 

HANDLE  hConsoleOut;                 // Handle to the console 
HANDLE  hRunMutex;                   // "Keep Running" mutex 
HANDLE  hScreenMutex;                // "Screen update" mutex
int     ThreadNr;                    // Number of threads started 
CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO csbiInfo; // Console information 


int main() // Thread One 
{
    // Get display screen information & clear the screen.
    hConsoleOut = GetStdHandle( STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE );
    GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo( hConsoleOut, &csbiInfo );
    ClearScreen();
    WriteTitle( 0 );

    // Create the mutexes and reset thread count.
    hScreenMutex = CreateMutex( NULL, FALSE, NULL );  // Cleared 
    hRunMutex = CreateMutex( NULL, TRUE, NULL );      // Set 
    ThreadNr = 0;

    // Start waiting for keyboard input to dispatch threads or exit.
    KbdFunc();

    // All threads done. Clean up handles.
    CloseHandle( hScreenMutex );
    CloseHandle( hRunMutex );
    CloseHandle( hConsoleOut );
}

void ShutDown( void ) // Shut down threads 
{
    while ( ThreadNr > 0 )
    {
        // Tell thread to die and record its death.
        ReleaseMutex( hRunMutex );
        ThreadNr--;   
    }
    
    // Clean up display when done
    WaitForSingleObject( hScreenMutex, INFINITE );
    ClearScreen();
}

void KbdFunc( void ) // Dispatch and count threads.
{
    int         KeyInfo;

    do
    {
        KeyInfo = _getch();
        if ( tolower( KeyInfo ) == 'a' && 
             ThreadNr < MAX_THREADS )
        {
            ThreadNr++;
            _beginthread( BounceProc, 0, &ThreadNr );
            WriteTitle( ThreadNr );
        }
    } while( tolower( KeyInfo ) != 'q' );

    ShutDown();
}

void BounceProc( void *pMyID )
{
    char    MyCell, OldCell;
    WORD    MyAttrib, OldAttrib;
    char    BlankCell = 0x20;
    COORD   Coords, Delta;
    COORD   Old = {0,0};
    DWORD   Dummy;
    char    *MyID = (char*)pMyID;

    // Generate update increments and initial 
    // display coordinates.
    srand( (unsigned int) *MyID * 3 );

    Coords.X = getrandom( 0, csbiInfo.dwSize.X - 1 );
    Coords.Y = getrandom( 0, csbiInfo.dwSize.Y - 1 );
    Delta.X = getrandom( -3, 3 );
    Delta.Y = getrandom( -3, 3 );

    // Set up "happy face" & generate color 
    // attribute from thread number.
    if( *MyID > 16)
        MyCell = 0x01;          // outline face 
    else
        MyCell = 0x02;          // solid face 
    MyAttrib =  *MyID & 0x0F;   // force black background 

    do
    {
        // Wait for display to be available, then lock it.
        WaitForSingleObject( hScreenMutex, INFINITE );

        // If we still occupy the old screen position, blank it out. 
        ReadConsoleOutputCharacter( hConsoleOut, &OldCell, 1, 
                                    Old, &Dummy );
        ReadConsoleOutputAttribute( hConsoleOut, &OldAttrib, 1, 
                                    Old, &Dummy );
        if (( OldCell == MyCell ) && (OldAttrib == MyAttrib))
            WriteConsoleOutputCharacter( hConsoleOut, &BlankCell, 1,
                                         Old, &Dummy );

        // Draw new face, then clear screen lock 
        WriteConsoleOutputCharacter( hConsoleOut, &MyCell, 1, 
                                     Coords, &Dummy );
        WriteConsoleOutputAttribute( hConsoleOut, &MyAttrib, 1, 
                                     Coords, &Dummy );
        ReleaseMutex( hScreenMutex );

        // Increment the coordinates for next placement of the block. 
        Old.X = Coords.X;
        Old.Y = Coords.Y;
        Coords.X += Delta.X;
        Coords.Y += Delta.Y;

        // If we are about to go off the screen, reverse direction 
        if( Coords.X < 0 || Coords.X >= csbiInfo.dwSize.X )
        {
            Delta.X = -Delta.X;
            Beep( 400, 50 );
        }
        if( Coords.Y < 0 || Coords.Y > csbiInfo.dwSize.Y )
        {
            Delta.Y = -Delta.Y;
            Beep( 600, 50 );
        }
    }
    // Repeat while RunMutex is still taken. 
    while ( WaitForSingleObject( hRunMutex, 75L ) == WAIT_TIMEOUT );
}

void WriteTitle( int ThreadNum )
{
    enum { 
        sizeOfNThreadMsg = 80 
    };
    char    NThreadMsg[sizeOfNThreadMsg];

    sprintf_s( NThreadMsg, sizeOfNThreadMsg, 
               "Threads running: %02d.  Press 'A' "
               "to start a thread,'Q' to quit.", ThreadNum );
    SetConsoleTitle( NThreadMsg );
}

void ClearScreen( void )
{
    DWORD    dummy;
    COORD    Home = { 0, 0 };
    FillConsoleOutputCharacter( hConsoleOut, ' ', 
                                csbiInfo.dwSize.X * csbiInfo.dwSize.Y, 
                                Home, &dummy );
}

Eingabe

a
q

Siehe auch

Konzepte

Multithreading bei C und Win32