Zugreifen auf eingebettete Objekte mit Benutzeroberflächenautomatisierung
.gif "Hinweis") Hinweis |
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Diese Dokumentation ist für .NET Framework-Entwickler vorgesehen, die die verwalteten UI Automation-Klassen verwenden möchten, die im System.Windows.Automation-Namespace definiert sind.Aktuelle Informationen zu UI Automation finden Sie unter Windows Automation API: UI Automation. |
In diesem Thema wird erläutert, wie Sie mithilfe von Microsoft UI Automation Objekte verfügbar machen können, die im Inhalt eines Textsteuerelements eingebettet sind.
| Hinweis |
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Bei eingebetteten Objekten kann es sich um Bilder, Links, Schaltflächen, Tabellen oder ActiveX-Steuerelemente handeln. |
Eingebettete Objekte werden als untergeordnete Elemente des UI AutomationTextanbieters angesehen. So können Sie mithilfe der gleichen Benutzeroberflächenautomatisierungs-Struktur wie alle anderen user interface (UI)-Elemente verfügbar gemacht werden. Funktionen hingegen werden mit Steuerelementmustern verfügbar gemacht, die in der Regel für den Steuerelementtyp der eingebetteten Objekte erforderlich sind (Links sind beispielsweise textbasiert und unterstützen daher TextPattern).
Ein Beispieldokument mit Text ("Did You Know?"…) und zwei eingebetteten Objekten (ein Bild eines Wals und ein Textlink), das als Ziel für den Beispielcode dient.
.png "Eingebettete Objekte in einem Textcontainer.")
Beispiel
Anhand des folgenden Beispielcodes wird veranschaulicht, wie eine Auflistung eingebetteter Objekte innerhalb eines UI Automation-Textanbieters abgerufen werden kann. Wenn Sie das Beispieldokument aus der Einführung verwenden, werden zwei Objekte zurückgegeben (jeweils ein Bild- und ein Textelement).
| Hinweis |
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Das Bildelement beinhaltet internen Text als Bildbeschreibung, den Sie in der Regel unter NameProperty finden (z. B. "Ein blauer Wal.").Wenn jedoch ein Textbereich abgerufen wird, der das Bildobjekt umfasst, werden weder Bild noch Beschreibungstext im Textstream zurückgegeben. |
'--------------------------------------------------------------------
' <summary>
' Starts the target application.
' </summary>
' <param name="app">
' The application to start.
' </param>
' <returns>The automation element for the app main window.</returns>
' <remarks>
' Three WPF documents, a rich text document, and a plain text document
' are provided in the Content folder of the TextProvider project.
' </remarks>
'--------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Function StartApp(ByVal app As String) As AutomationElement
' Start application.
Dim p As Process = Process.Start(app)
' Give the target application some time to start.
' For Win32 applications, WaitForInputIdle can be used instead.
' Another alternative is to listen for WindowOpened events.
' Otherwise, an ArgumentException results when you try to
' retrieve an automation element from the window handle.
Thread.Sleep(2000)
targetResult.Content = WPFTarget + " started. " + vbLf + vbLf + _
"Please load a document into the target application and click " + _
"the 'Find edit control' button above. " + vbLf + vbLf + _
"NOTE: Documents can be found in the 'Content' folder of the FindText project."
targetResult.Background = Brushes.LightGreen
' Return the automation element for the app main window.
Return AutomationElement.FromHandle(p.MainWindowHandle)
End Function 'StartApp
...
'--------------------------------------------------------------------
' <summary>
' Finds the text control in our target.
' </summary>
' <param name="src">The object that raised the event.</param>
' <param name="e">Event arguments.</param>
' <remarks>
' Initializes the TextPattern object and event handlers.
' </remarks>
'--------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub FindTextProvider_Click( _
ByVal src As Object, ByVal e As RoutedEventArgs)
' Set up the conditions for finding the text control.
Dim documentControl As New PropertyCondition( _
AutomationElement.ControlTypeProperty, ControlType.Document)
Dim textPatternAvailable As New PropertyCondition( _
AutomationElement.IsTextPatternAvailableProperty, True)
Dim findControl As New AndCondition(documentControl, textPatternAvailable)
' Get the Automation Element for the first text control found.
' For the purposes of this sample it is sufficient to find the
' first text control. In other cases there may be multiple text
' controls to sort through.
targetDocument = targetWindow.FindFirst(TreeScope.Descendants, findControl)
' Didn't find a text control.
If targetDocument Is Nothing Then
targetResult.Content = _
WPFTarget + " does not contain a Document control type."
targetResult.Background = Brushes.Salmon
startWPFTargetButton.IsEnabled = False
Return
End If
' Get required control patterns
targetTextPattern = DirectCast( _
targetDocument.GetCurrentPattern(TextPattern.Pattern), TextPattern)
' Didn't find a text control that supports TextPattern.
If targetTextPattern Is Nothing Then
targetResult.Content = WPFTarget + _
" does not contain an element that supports TextPattern."
targetResult.Background = Brushes.Salmon
startWPFTargetButton.IsEnabled = False
Return
End If
' Text control is available so display the client controls.
infoGrid.Visibility = Visibility.Visible
targetResult.Content = "Text provider found."
targetResult.Background = Brushes.LightGreen
' Initialize the document range for the text of the document.
documentRange = targetTextPattern.DocumentRange
' Initialize the client's search buttons.
If targetTextPattern.DocumentRange.GetText(1).Length > 0 Then
searchForwardButton.IsEnabled = True
End If
' Initialize the client's search TextBox.
searchString.IsEnabled = True
' Check if the text control supports text selection
If targetTextPattern.SupportedTextSelection = SupportedTextSelection.None Then
targetResult.Content = "Unable to select text."
targetResult.Background = Brushes.Salmon
Return
End If
' Edit control found so remove the find button from the client.
findEditButton.Visibility = Visibility.Collapsed
' Initialize the client with the current target selection, if any.
NotifySelectionChanged()
' Search starts at beginning of doc and goes forward
searchBackward = False
' Initialize a text changed listener.
' An instance of TextPatternRange will become invalid if
' one of the following occurs:
' 1) The text in the provider changes via some user activity.
' 2) ValuePattern.SetValue is used to programatically change
' the value of the text in the provider.
' The only way the client application can detect if the text
' has changed (to ensure that the ranges are still valid),
' is by setting a listener for the TextChanged event of
' the TextPattern. If this event is raised, the client needs
' to update the targetDocumentRange member data to ensure the
' user is working with the updated text.
' Clients must always anticipate the possibility that the text
' can change underneath them.
Dim onTextChanged As AutomationEventHandler = _
New AutomationEventHandler(AddressOf TextChanged)
Automation.AddAutomationEventHandler( _
TextPattern.TextChangedEvent, targetDocument, TreeScope.Element, onTextChanged)
' Initialize a selection changed listener.
' The target selection is reflected in the client.
Dim onSelectionChanged As AutomationEventHandler = _
New AutomationEventHandler(AddressOf OnTextSelectionChange)
Automation.AddAutomationEventHandler( _
TextPattern.TextSelectionChangedEvent, targetDocument, _
TreeScope.Element, onSelectionChanged)
End Sub 'FindTextProvider_Click
...
'--------------------------------------------------------------------
' <summary>
' Gets the children of the target selection.
' </summary>
' <param name="sender">The object that raised the event.</param>
' <param name="e">Event arguments.</param>
'--------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub GetChildren_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As RoutedEventArgs)
' Obtain an array of child elements.
Dim textProviderChildren() As AutomationElement
Try
textProviderChildren = searchRange.GetChildren()
Catch
' TODO: error handling.
Return
End Try
' Assemble the information about the enclosing element.
Dim childInformation As New StringBuilder()
childInformation.Append(textProviderChildren.Length).AppendLine(" child element(s).")
' Iterate through the collection of child elements and obtain
' information of interest about each.
Dim i As Integer
For i = 0 To textProviderChildren.Length - 1
childInformation.Append("Child").Append(i).AppendLine(":")
' Obtain the name of the child control.
childInformation.Append(vbTab + "Name:" + vbTab) _
.AppendLine(textProviderChildren(i).Current.Name)
' Obtain the control type.
childInformation.Append(vbTab + "Control Type:" + vbTab) _
.AppendLine(textProviderChildren(i).Current.ControlType.ProgrammaticName)
' Obtain the supported control patterns.
' NOTE: For the purposes of this sample we use GetSupportedPatterns().
' However, the use of GetSupportedPatterns() is strongly discouraged
' as it calls GetCurrentPattern() internally on every known pattern.
' It is therefore much more efficient to use GetCurrentPattern() for
' the specific patterns you are interested in.
Dim childPatterns As AutomationPattern() = _
textProviderChildren(i).GetSupportedPatterns()
childInformation.AppendLine(vbTab + "Supported Control Patterns:")
If childPatterns.Length <= 0 Then
childInformation.AppendLine(vbTab + vbTab + vbTab + "None")
Else
Dim pattern As AutomationPattern
For Each pattern In childPatterns
childInformation.Append(vbTab + vbTab + vbTab) _
.AppendLine(pattern.ProgrammaticName)
Next pattern
End If
' Obtain the child elements, if any, of the child control.
Dim childRange As TextPatternRange = _
documentRange.TextPattern.RangeFromChild(textProviderChildren(i))
Dim childRangeChildren As AutomationElement() = _
childRange.GetChildren()
childInformation.Append(vbTab + "Children: " + vbTab) _
.Append(childRangeChildren.Length).AppendLine()
Next i
' Display the information about the child controls.
targetSelectionDetails.Text = childInformation.ToString()
End Sub 'GetChildren_Click
///--------------------------------------------------------------------
/// <summary>
/// Starts the target application.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="app">
/// The application to start.
/// </param>
/// <returns>The automation element for the app main window.</returns>
/// <remarks>
/// Three WPF documents, a rich text document, and a plain text document
/// are provided in the Content folder of the TextProvider project.
/// </remarks>
///--------------------------------------------------------------------
private AutomationElement StartApp(string app)
{
// Start application.
Process p = Process.Start(app);
// Give the target application some time to start.
// For Win32 applications, WaitForInputIdle can be used instead.
// Another alternative is to listen for WindowOpened events.
// Otherwise, an ArgumentException results when you try to
// retrieve an automation element from the window handle.
Thread.Sleep(2000);
targetResult.Content =
WPFTarget +
" started. \n\nPlease load a document into the target " +
"application and click the 'Find edit control' button above. " +
"\n\nNOTE: Documents can be found in the 'Content' folder of the FindText project.";
targetResult.Background = Brushes.LightGreen;
// Return the automation element for the app main window.
return (AutomationElement.FromHandle(p.MainWindowHandle));
}
...
///--------------------------------------------------------------------
/// <summary>
/// Finds the text control in our target.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="src">The object that raised the event.</param>
/// <param name="e">Event arguments.</param>
/// <remarks>
/// Initializes the TextPattern object and event handlers.
/// </remarks>
///--------------------------------------------------------------------
private void FindTextProvider_Click(object src, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
// Set up the conditions for finding the text control.
PropertyCondition documentControl = new PropertyCondition(
AutomationElement.ControlTypeProperty,
ControlType.Document);
PropertyCondition textPatternAvailable = new PropertyCondition(
AutomationElement.IsTextPatternAvailableProperty, true);
AndCondition findControl =
new AndCondition(documentControl, textPatternAvailable);
// Get the Automation Element for the first text control found.
// For the purposes of this sample it is sufficient to find the
// first text control. In other cases there may be multiple text
// controls to sort through.
targetDocument =
targetWindow.FindFirst(TreeScope.Descendants, findControl);
// Didn't find a text control.
if (targetDocument == null)
{
targetResult.Content =
WPFTarget +
" does not contain a Document control type.";
targetResult.Background = Brushes.Salmon;
startWPFTargetButton.IsEnabled = false;
return;
}
// Get required control patterns
targetTextPattern =
targetDocument.GetCurrentPattern(
TextPattern.Pattern) as TextPattern;
// Didn't find a text control that supports TextPattern.
if (targetTextPattern == null)
{
targetResult.Content =
WPFTarget +
" does not contain an element that supports TextPattern.";
targetResult.Background = Brushes.Salmon;
startWPFTargetButton.IsEnabled = false;
return;
}
// Text control is available so display the client controls.
infoGrid.Visibility = Visibility.Visible;
targetResult.Content =
"Text provider found.";
targetResult.Background = Brushes.LightGreen;
// Initialize the document range for the text of the document.
documentRange = targetTextPattern.DocumentRange;
// Initialize the client's search buttons.
if (targetTextPattern.DocumentRange.GetText(1).Length > 0)
{
searchForwardButton.IsEnabled = true;
}
// Initialize the client's search TextBox.
searchString.IsEnabled = true;
// Check if the text control supports text selection
if (targetTextPattern.SupportedTextSelection ==
SupportedTextSelection.None)
{
targetResult.Content = "Unable to select text.";
targetResult.Background = Brushes.Salmon;
return;
}
// Edit control found so remove the find button from the client.
findEditButton.Visibility = Visibility.Collapsed;
// Initialize the client with the current target selection, if any.
NotifySelectionChanged();
// Search starts at beginning of doc and goes forward
searchBackward = false;
// Initialize a text changed listener.
// An instance of TextPatternRange will become invalid if
// one of the following occurs:
// 1) The text in the provider changes via some user activity.
// 2) ValuePattern.SetValue is used to programatically change
// the value of the text in the provider.
// The only way the client application can detect if the text
// has changed (to ensure that the ranges are still valid),
// is by setting a listener for the TextChanged event of
// the TextPattern. If this event is raised, the client needs
// to update the targetDocumentRange member data to ensure the
// user is working with the updated text.
// Clients must always anticipate the possibility that the text
// can change underneath them.
Automation.AddAutomationEventHandler(
TextPattern.TextChangedEvent,
targetDocument,
TreeScope.Element,
TextChanged);
// Initialize a selection changed listener.
// The target selection is reflected in the client.
Automation.AddAutomationEventHandler(
TextPattern.TextSelectionChangedEvent,
targetDocument,
TreeScope.Element,
OnTextSelectionChange);
}
...
///--------------------------------------------------------------------
/// <summary>
/// Gets the children of the target selection.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="sender">The object that raised the event.</param>
/// <param name="e">Event arguments.</param>
///--------------------------------------------------------------------
private void GetChildren_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
{
// Obtain an array of child elements.
AutomationElement[] textProviderChildren;
try
{
textProviderChildren = searchRange.GetChildren();
}
catch (ElementNotAvailableException)
{
// TODO: error handling.
return;
}
// Assemble the information about the enclosing element.
StringBuilder childInformation = new StringBuilder();
childInformation.Append(textProviderChildren.Length)
.AppendLine(" child element(s).");
// Iterate through the collection of child elements and obtain
// information of interest about each.
for (int i = 0; i < textProviderChildren.Length; i++)
{
childInformation.Append("Child").Append(i).AppendLine(":");
// Obtain the name of the child control.
childInformation.Append("\tName:\t")
.AppendLine(textProviderChildren[i].Current.Name);
// Obtain the control type.
childInformation.Append("\tControl Type:\t")
.AppendLine(textProviderChildren[i].Current.ControlType.ProgrammaticName);
// Obtain the supported control patterns.
// NOTE: For the purposes of this sample we use GetSupportedPatterns().
// However, the use of GetSupportedPatterns() is strongly discouraged
// as it calls GetCurrentPattern() internally on every known pattern.
// It is therefore much more efficient to use GetCurrentPattern() for
// the specific patterns you are interested in.
AutomationPattern[] childPatterns =
textProviderChildren[i].GetSupportedPatterns();
childInformation.AppendLine("\tSupported Control Patterns:");
if (childPatterns.Length <= 0)
{
childInformation.AppendLine("\t\t\tNone");
}
else
{
foreach (AutomationPattern pattern in childPatterns)
{
childInformation.Append("\t\t\t")
.AppendLine(pattern.ProgrammaticName);
}
}
// Obtain the child elements, if any, of the child control.
TextPatternRange childRange =
documentRange.TextPattern.RangeFromChild(textProviderChildren[i]);
AutomationElement[] childRangeChildren =
childRange.GetChildren();
childInformation.Append("\tChildren: \t").Append(childRangeChildren.Length).AppendLine();
}
// Display the information about the child controls.
targetSelectionDetails.Text = childInformation.ToString();
}
Anhand des folgenden Beispielcodes wird veranschaulicht, wie ein Textbereich eines eingebetteten Objekts innerhalb eines UI Automation-Textanbieters abgerufen werden kann. Der abgerufene Textbereich ist ein leerer Bereich, dessen Startpunkt auf das Leerzeichen in "… ocean.(Leerzeichen)" folgt und dessen Endpunkt vor dem schließenden Satzzeichen "." positioniert ist und den eingebetteten Link darstellt (siehe Abbildung in der Einführung). Es handelt sich zwar um einen leeren Bereich, dieser wird jedoch nicht als degenerierter Bereich angesehen, da er über ein Ausmaß ungleich null verfügt.
| Hinweis |
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TextPattern kann ein eingebettetes Textobjekt, z. B. einen Link, abrufen. Allerdings muss ein sekundäres TextPattern aus dem eingebetteten Objekt abgerufen werden, um die gesamte Funktionalität verfügbar zu machen. |
''' -------------------------------------------------------------------
''' <summary>
''' Obtains a text range spanning an embedded child
''' of a document control and displays the content of the range.
''' </summary>
''' <param name="targetTextElement">
''' The AutomationElement. representing a text control.
''' </param>
''' -------------------------------------------------------------------
Private Sub GetRangeFromChild( _
ByVal targetTextElement As AutomationElement)
Dim textPattern As TextPattern = _
DirectCast( _
targetTextElement.GetCurrentPattern(textPattern.Pattern), _
TextPattern)
If (textPattern Is Nothing) Then
' Target control doesn't support TextPattern.
Return
End If
' Obtain a text range spanning the entire document.
Dim textRange As TextPatternRange = textPattern.DocumentRange
' Retrieve the embedded objects within the range.
Dim embeddedObjects() As AutomationElement = textRange.GetChildren()
Dim embeddedObject As AutomationElement
For Each embeddedObject In embeddedObjects
If (embeddedObject.GetCurrentPropertyValue( _
AutomationElement.IsTextPatternAvailableProperty) = True) Then
' For full functionality a secondary TextPattern should
' be obtained from the embedded object.
' embeddedObject must be a child of the text provider.
Dim embeddedObjectRange As TextPatternRange = _
textPattern.RangeFromChild(embeddedObject)
' GetText(-1) retrieves all text in the range.
' Typically a more limited amount of text would be
' retrieved for performance and security reasons.
Console.WriteLine(embeddedObjectRange.GetText(-1))
End If
Next
End Sub
/// -------------------------------------------------------------------
/// <summary>
/// Obtains a text range spanning an embedded child
/// of a document control and displays the content of the range.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="targetTextElement">
/// The AutomationElment that represents a text control.
/// </param>
/// -------------------------------------------------------------------
private void GetRangeFromChild(AutomationElement targetTextElement)
{
TextPattern textPattern =
targetTextElement.GetCurrentPattern(TextPattern.Pattern)
as TextPattern;
if (textPattern == null)
{
// Target control doesn't support TextPattern.
return;
}
// Obtain a text range spanning the entire document.
TextPatternRange textRange = textPattern.DocumentRange;
// Retrieve the embedded objects within the range.
AutomationElement[] embeddedObjects = textRange.GetChildren();
// Retrieve and display text value of embedded object.
foreach (AutomationElement embeddedObject in embeddedObjects)
{
if ((bool)embeddedObject.GetCurrentPropertyValue(
AutomationElement.IsTextPatternAvailableProperty))
{
// For full functionality a secondary TextPattern should
// be obtained from the embedded object.
// embeddedObject must be a child of the text provider.
TextPatternRange embeddedObjectRange =
textPattern.RangeFromChild(embeddedObject);
// GetText(-1) retrieves all text in the range.
// Typically a more limited amount of text would be
// retrieved for performance and security reasons.
Console.WriteLine(embeddedObjectRange.GetText(-1));
}
}
}
Siehe auch
Aufgaben
Hinzufügen von Inhalt in einem Textfeld mithilfe von Benutzeroberflächenautomatisierung
Suchen und Hervorheben von Text durch Benutzeroberflächenautomatisierung
Konzepte
Übersicht über TextPattern für die Benutzeroberflächenautomatisierung
Übersicht über Steuerelementmuster für Benutzeroberflächenautomatisierung
Steuerelementmuster für Benutzeroberflächenautomatisierung für Clients