Vorgehensweise: Implementieren von CopyToDataTable<T> mit einem anderen generischen Typ T als DataRow
Das DataTable-Objekt wird oft für die Datenbindung verwendet. Die CopyToDataTable-Methode kopiert die Ergebnisse einer Abfrage in eine DataTable, die dann für die Datenbindung verwendet werden kann. Die CopyToDataTable-Methoden arbeiten allerdings nur mit einer IEnumerable<T>-Quelle, bei der der generische Parameter T
den Typ DataRow aufweist. Obwohl dies hilfreich ist, können Tabellen dabei nicht aus einer Sequenz von Skalartypen, aus Abfragen, die anonyme Typen darstellen oder aus Abfragen, die Tabellenjoins durchführen, erstellt werden.
In diesem Thema wird beschrieben, wie zwei benutzerdefinierte CopyToDataTable<T>
-Erweiterungsmethoden implementiert werden, die einen generischen Parameter T
annehmen, der einen anderen Typ als DataRow aufweist. Die Logik zum Erstellen einer DataTable aus einer IEnumerable<T>-Quelle ist in der ObjectShredder<T>
-Klasse enthalten, die wiederum von zwei überladenen CopyToDataTable<T>
-Erweiterungsmethoden umschlossen wird. Die Shred
-Methode der ObjectShredder<T>
-Klasse gibt die gefüllte DataTable zurück und nimmt drei Eingabeparameter an: eine IEnumerable<T>-Quelle, eine DataTable und eine LoadOption-Enumeration. Das anfängliche Schema der zurückgegebenen DataTable basiert auf dem Schema des Typs T
. Wenn eine vorhandene Tabelle als Eingabe bereitgestellt wird, muss deren Schema mit dem Schema des Typs T
übereinstimmen. Jede öffentliche Eigenschaft und jedes Feld des Typs T
wird in eine DataColumn in der zurückgegebenen Tabelle konvertiert. Wenn die Quellsequenz einen von T
abgeleiteten Typ enthält, wird das zurückgegebene Tabellenschema um zusätzliche öffentliche Eigeschaften bzw. Felder erweitert.
Beispiele für die Verwendung der benutzerdefinierten CopyToDataTable<T>
-Methoden finden Sie unter Creating a DataTable From a Query (Erstellen einer DataTable aus einer Abfrage).
So implementieren Sie die benutzerdefinierten CopyToDataTable-<T-> -Methoden in Ihrer Anwendung
Implementieren Sie die
ObjectShredder<T>
-Klasse, um eine DataTable aus einer IEnumerable<T>-Quelle zu erstellen:public class ObjectShredder<T> { readonly FieldInfo[] _fi; readonly PropertyInfo[] _pi; readonly Dictionary<string, int> _ordinalMap; readonly Type _type; // ObjectShredder constructor. public ObjectShredder() { _type = typeof(T); _fi = _type.GetFields(); _pi = _type.GetProperties(); _ordinalMap = new Dictionary<string, int>(); } /// <summary> /// Loads a DataTable from a sequence of objects. /// </summary> /// <param name="source">The sequence of objects to load into the DataTable.</param> /// <param name="table">The input table. The schema of the table must match that /// the type T. If the table is null, a new table is created with a schema /// created from the public properties and fields of the type T.</param> /// <param name="options">Specifies how values from the source sequence will be applied to /// existing rows in the table.</param> /// <returns>A DataTable created from the source sequence.</returns> public DataTable Shred(IEnumerable<T> source, DataTable table, LoadOption? options) { // Load the table from the scalar sequence if T is a primitive type. if (typeof(T).IsPrimitive) { return ShredPrimitive(source, table, options); } // Create a new table if the input table is null. table ??= new DataTable(typeof(T).Name); // Initialize the ordinal map and extend the table schema based on type T. table = ExtendTable(table, typeof(T)); // Enumerate the source sequence and load the object values into rows. table.BeginLoadData(); foreach (T item in source) { if (options != null) { table.LoadDataRow(ShredObject(table, item), (LoadOption)options); } else { table.LoadDataRow(ShredObject(table, item), true); } } table.EndLoadData(); // Return the table. return table; } public DataTable ShredPrimitive(IEnumerable<T> source, DataTable table, LoadOption? options) { // Create a new table if the input table is null. table ??= new DataTable(typeof(T).Name); if (!table.Columns.Contains("Value")) { table.Columns.Add("Value", typeof(T)); } // Enumerate the source sequence and load the scalar values into rows. table.BeginLoadData(); using (IEnumerator<T> e = source.GetEnumerator()) { var values = new object[table.Columns.Count]; while (e.MoveNext()) { values[table.Columns["Value"].Ordinal] = e.Current; if (options != null) { table.LoadDataRow(values, (LoadOption)options); } else { table.LoadDataRow(values, true); } } } table.EndLoadData(); // Return the table. return table; } public object[] ShredObject(DataTable table, T instance) { FieldInfo[] fi = _fi; PropertyInfo[] pi = _pi; if (instance.GetType() != typeof(T)) { // If the instance is derived from T, extend the table schema // and get the properties and fields. ExtendTable(table, instance.GetType()); fi = instance.GetType().GetFields(); pi = instance.GetType().GetProperties(); } // Add the property and field values of the instance to an array. var values = new object[table.Columns.Count]; foreach (FieldInfo f in fi) { values[_ordinalMap[f.Name]] = f.GetValue(instance); } foreach (PropertyInfo p in pi) { values[_ordinalMap[p.Name]] = p.GetValue(instance, null); } // Return the property and field values of the instance. return values; } public DataTable ExtendTable(DataTable table, Type type) { // Extend the table schema if the input table was null or if the value // in the sequence is derived from type T. foreach (FieldInfo f in type.GetFields()) { if (!_ordinalMap.ContainsKey(f.Name)) { // Add the field as a column in the table if it doesn't exist // already. DataColumn dc = table.Columns.Contains(f.Name) ? table.Columns[f.Name] : table.Columns.Add(f.Name, f.FieldType); // Add the field to the ordinal map. _ordinalMap.Add(f.Name, dc.Ordinal); } } foreach (PropertyInfo p in type.GetProperties()) { if (!_ordinalMap.ContainsKey(p.Name)) { // Add the property as a column in the table if it doesn't exist // already. DataColumn dc = table.Columns.Contains(p.Name) ? table.Columns[p.Name] : table.Columns.Add(p.Name, p.PropertyType); // Add the property to the ordinal map. _ordinalMap.Add(p.Name, dc.Ordinal); } } // Return the table. return table; } }
Public Class ObjectShredder(Of T) ' Fields Private _fi As FieldInfo() Private _ordinalMap As Dictionary(Of String, Integer) Private _pi As PropertyInfo() Private _type As Type ' Constructor Public Sub New() Me._type = GetType(T) Me._fi = Me._type.GetFields Me._pi = Me._type.GetProperties Me._ordinalMap = New Dictionary(Of String, Integer) End Sub Public Function ShredObject(ByVal table As DataTable, ByVal instance As T) As Object() Dim fi As FieldInfo() = Me._fi Dim pi As PropertyInfo() = Me._pi If (Not instance.GetType Is GetType(T)) Then ' If the instance is derived from T, extend the table schema ' and get the properties and fields. Me.ExtendTable(table, instance.GetType) fi = instance.GetType.GetFields pi = instance.GetType.GetProperties End If ' Add the property and field values of the instance to an array. Dim values As Object() = New Object(table.Columns.Count - 1) {} Dim f As FieldInfo For Each f In fi values(Me._ordinalMap.Item(f.Name)) = f.GetValue(instance) Next Dim p As PropertyInfo For Each p In pi values(Me._ordinalMap.Item(p.Name)) = p.GetValue(instance, Nothing) Next ' Return the property and field values of the instance. Return values End Function ' Summary: Loads a DataTable from a sequence of objects. ' source parameter: The sequence of objects to load into the DataTable.</param> ' table parameter: The input table. The schema of the table must match that ' the type T. If the table is null, a new table is created ' with a schema created from the public properties and fields ' of the type T. ' options parameter: Specifies how values from the source sequence will be applied to ' existing rows in the table. ' Returns: A DataTable created from the source sequence. Public Function Shred(ByVal source As IEnumerable(Of T), ByVal table As DataTable, ByVal options As LoadOption?) As DataTable ' Load the table from the scalar sequence if T is a primitive type. If GetType(T).IsPrimitive Then Return Me.ShredPrimitive(source, table, options) End If ' Create a new table if the input table is null. If (table Is Nothing) Then table = New DataTable(GetType(T).Name) End If ' Initialize the ordinal map and extend the table schema based on type T. table = Me.ExtendTable(table, GetType(T)) ' Enumerate the source sequence and load the object values into rows. table.BeginLoadData() Using e As IEnumerator(Of T) = source.GetEnumerator Do While e.MoveNext If options.HasValue Then table.LoadDataRow(Me.ShredObject(table, e.Current), options.Value) Else table.LoadDataRow(Me.ShredObject(table, e.Current), True) End If Loop End Using table.EndLoadData() ' Return the table. Return table End Function Public Function ShredPrimitive(ByVal source As IEnumerable(Of T), ByVal table As DataTable, ByVal options As LoadOption?) As DataTable ' Create a new table if the input table is null. If (table Is Nothing) Then table = New DataTable(GetType(T).Name) End If If Not table.Columns.Contains("Value") Then table.Columns.Add("Value", GetType(T)) End If ' Enumerate the source sequence and load the scalar values into rows. table.BeginLoadData() Using e As IEnumerator(Of T) = source.GetEnumerator Dim values As Object() = New Object(table.Columns.Count - 1) {} Do While e.MoveNext values(table.Columns.Item("Value").Ordinal) = e.Current If options.HasValue Then table.LoadDataRow(values, options.Value) Else table.LoadDataRow(values, True) End If Loop End Using table.EndLoadData() ' Return the table. Return table End Function Public Function ExtendTable(ByVal table As DataTable, ByVal type As Type) As DataTable ' Extend the table schema if the input table was null or if the value ' in the sequence is derived from type T. Dim f As FieldInfo Dim p As PropertyInfo For Each f In type.GetFields If Not Me._ordinalMap.ContainsKey(f.Name) Then Dim dc As DataColumn ' Add the field as a column in the table if it doesn't exist ' already. dc = IIf(table.Columns.Contains(f.Name), table.Columns.Item(f.Name), table.Columns.Add(f.Name, f.FieldType)) ' Add the field to the ordinal map. Me._ordinalMap.Add(f.Name, dc.Ordinal) End If Next For Each p In type.GetProperties If Not Me._ordinalMap.ContainsKey(p.Name) Then ' Add the property as a column in the table if it doesn't exist ' already. Dim dc As DataColumn dc = IIf(table.Columns.Contains(p.Name), table.Columns.Item(p.Name), table.Columns.Add(p.Name, p.PropertyType)) ' Add the property to the ordinal map. Me._ordinalMap.Add(p.Name, dc.Ordinal) End If Next ' Return the table. Return table End Function End Class
Im vorherigen Beispiel wird davon ausgegangen, dass die Eigenschaften und Felder der
DataColumn
keine Nullwertetypen sind. Verwenden Sie den folgenden Code, um Eigenschaften und Felder mit Nullwerttypen zu behandeln:// Nullable-aware code for properties. DataColumn dc = table.Columns.Contains(p.Name) ? table.Columns[p.Name] : table.Columns.Add(p.Name, Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(p.PropertyType) ?? p.PropertyType); // Nullable-aware code for fields. DataColumn dc = table.Columns.Contains(f.Name) ? table.Columns[f.Name] : table.Columns.Add(f.Name, Nullable.GetUnderlyingType(f.FieldType) ?? f.FieldType);
Implementieren Sie die benutzerdefinierten
CopyToDataTable<T>
-Erweiterungsmethoden in einer Klasse:public static class CustomLINQtoDataSetMethods { public static DataTable CopyToDataTable<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source) => new ObjectShredder<T>().Shred(source, null, null); public static DataTable CopyToDataTable<T>(this IEnumerable<T> source, DataTable table, LoadOption? options) => new ObjectShredder<T>().Shred(source, table, options); }
Public Module CustomLINQtoDataSetMethods <Extension()> _ Public Function CopyToDataTable(Of T)(ByVal source As IEnumerable(Of T)) As DataTable Return New ObjectShredder(Of T)().Shred(source, Nothing, Nothing) End Function <Extension()> _ Public Function CopyToDataTable(Of T)(ByVal source As IEnumerable(Of T), ByVal table As DataTable, ByVal options As LoadOption?) As DataTable Return New ObjectShredder(Of T)().Shred(source, table, options) End Function End Module
Fügen Sie die
ObjectShredder<T>
-Klasse und dieCopyToDataTable<T>
-Erweiterungsmethoden Ihrer Anwendung hinzu.
Module Module1
Sub Main()
' Your application code using CopyToDataTable<T>.
End Sub
End Module
Public Module CustomLINQtoDataSetMethods
…
End Module
Public Class ObjectShredder(Of T)
…
End Class
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Your application code using CopyToDataTable<T>.
}
}
public static class CustomLINQtoDataSetMethods
{
…
}
public class ObjectShredder<T>
{
…
}