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Gewusst wie: Binden von Daten an das MaskedTextBox-Steuerelement

  • Článek

Aktualisiert: November 2007

Daten lassen sich an ein MaskedTextBox-Steuerelement wie an jedes andere Windows Forms-Steuerelement binden. Wenn das Format der in der Datenbank enthaltenen Daten jedoch nicht mit dem von der Maskendefinition erwarteten Format übereinstimmt, müssen die Daten neu formatiert werden. Im folgenden Verfahren wird dies veranschaulicht. Dabei verwenden Sie das Format-Ereignis und das Parse-Ereignis der Binding-Klasse, um zwei separate Datenbankfelder für Telefonnummer und Durchwahl als einzelnes bearbeitbares Feld anzuzeigen.

Für das folgende Verfahren benötigen Sie Zugriff auf eine SQL Server-Datenbank mit installierter Beispieldatenbank Northwind.

So binden Sie Daten an ein MaskedTextBox-Steuerelement

  1. Erstellen Sie ein neues Projekt vom Typ Windows Forms.

  2. Ziehen Sie zwei TextBox-Steuerelemente auf das Formular, und nennen Sie diese FirstName und LastName.

  3. Ziehen Sie ein MaskedTextBox-Steuerelement auf das Formular, und nennen Sie dieses PhoneMask.

  4. Legen Sie die Mask-Eigenschaft von PhoneMask auf (000) 000-0000 x9999 fest.

  5. Fügen Sie dem Formular folgende Namespaceimporte hinzu.

    using System.Data.SqlClient;

    Imports System.Data.SqlClient

  6. Klicken Sie mit der rechten Maustaste auf das Formular, und wählen Sie Code anzeigen. Fügen Sie diesen Code an einer beliebigen Stelle in der Formularklasse ein.

    Binding currentBinding, phoneBinding;
DataSet employeesTable = new DataSet();
SqlConnection sc;
SqlDataAdapter dataConnect;

private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    DoMaskBinding();
}

private void DoMaskBinding()
{
    try
    {
        sc = new SqlConnection("Data Source=CLIENTUE;Initial Catalog=NORTHWIND;Integrated Security=SSPI");
        sc.Open();
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
        return;
    }

    dataConnect = new SqlDataAdapter("SELECT * FROM Employees", sc);
    dataConnect.Fill(employeesTable, "Employees");

    // Now bind MaskedTextBox to appropriate field. Note that we must create the Binding objects
    // before adding them to the control - otherwise, we won't get a Format event on the 
    // initial load. 
    try
    {
        currentBinding = new Binding("Text", employeesTable, "Employees.FirstName");
        firstName.DataBindings.Add(currentBinding);

        currentBinding = new Binding("Text", employeesTable, "Employees.LastName");
        lastName.DataBindings.Add(currentBinding);

        phoneBinding =new Binding("Text", employeesTable, "Employees.HomePhone");
        // We must add the event handlers before we bind, or the Format event will not get called
        // for the first record.
        phoneBinding.Format += new ConvertEventHandler(phoneBinding_Format);
        phoneBinding.Parse += new ConvertEventHandler(phoneBinding_Parse);
        phoneMask.DataBindings.Add(phoneBinding);
    }
    catch (Exception ex)
    {
        MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
        return;
    }
}

    Dim WithEvents CurrentBinding, PhoneBinding As Binding
Dim EmployeesTable As New DataSet()
Dim sc As SqlConnection
Dim DataConnect As SqlDataAdapter

Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
    DoMaskedBinding()
End Sub

Private Sub DoMaskedBinding()
    Try
        sc = New SqlConnection("Data Source=SERVERNAME;Initial Catalog=NORTHWIND;Integrated Security=SSPI")
        sc.Open()
    Catch ex As Exception
        MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)
        Exit Sub
    End Try

    DataConnect = New SqlDataAdapter("SELECT * FROM Employees", sc)
    DataConnect.Fill(EmployeesTable, "Employees")

    ' Now bind MaskedTextBox to appropriate field. Note that we must create the Binding objects
    ' before adding them to the control - otherwise, we won't get a Format event on the 
    ' initial load.
    Try
        CurrentBinding = New Binding("Text", EmployeesTable, "Employees.FirstName")
        firstName.DataBindings.Add(CurrentBinding)
        CurrentBinding = New Binding("Text", EmployeesTable, "Employees.LastName")
        lastName.DataBindings.Add(CurrentBinding)
        PhoneBinding = New Binding("Text", EmployeesTable, "Employees.HomePhone")
        PhoneMask.DataBindings.Add(PhoneBinding)
    Catch ex As Exception
        MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)
        Application.Exit()
    End Try
End Sub

  7. Fügen Sie Ereignishandler für das Format-Ereignis und das Parse-Ereignis hinzu, um die Felder PhoneNumber und Extension zu kombinieren und vom gebundenen DataSet zu trennen.

    private void phoneBinding_Format(Object sender, ConvertEventArgs e)
{
    String ext;

    DataRowView currentRow = (DataRowView)BindingContext[employeesTable, "Employees"].Current;
    if (currentRow["Extension"] == null) 
    {
        ext = "";
    } else 
    {
        ext = currentRow["Extension"].ToString();
    }

    e.Value = e.Value.ToString().Trim() + " x" + ext;
}

private void phoneBinding_Parse(Object sender, ConvertEventArgs e)
{
    String phoneNumberAndExt = e.Value.ToString();

    int extIndex = phoneNumberAndExt.IndexOf("x");
    String ext = phoneNumberAndExt.Substring(extIndex).Trim();
    String phoneNumber = phoneNumberAndExt.Substring(0, extIndex).Trim();

    //Get the current binding object, and set the new extension manually. 
    DataRowView currentRow = (DataRowView)BindingContext[employeesTable, "Employees"].Current;
    // Remove the "x" from the extension.
    currentRow["Extension"] = ext.Substring(1);

    //Return the phone number.
    e.Value = phoneNumber;
}

    Private Sub PhoneBinding_Format(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As ConvertEventArgs) Handles PhoneBinding.Format
    Dim Ext As String

    Dim CurrentRow As DataRowView = CType(Me.BindingContext(EmployeesTable, "Employees").Current, DataRowView)
    If (CurrentRow("Extension") Is Nothing) Then
        Ext = ""
    Else
        Ext = CurrentRow("Extension").ToString()
    End If

    e.Value = e.Value.ToString().Trim() & " x" & Ext
End Sub

Private Sub PhoneBinding_Parse(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As ConvertEventArgs) Handles PhoneBinding.Parse
    Dim PhoneNumberAndExt As String = e.Value.ToString()

    Dim ExtIndex As Integer = PhoneNumberAndExt.IndexOf("x")
    Dim Ext As String = PhoneNumberAndExt.Substring(ExtIndex).Trim()
    Dim PhoneNumber As String = PhoneNumberAndExt.Substring(0, ExtIndex).Trim()

    ' Get the current binding object, and set the new extension manually. 
    Dim CurrentRow As DataRowView = CType(Me.BindingContext(EmployeesTable, "Employees").Current, DataRowView)
    ' Remove the "x" from the extension.
    CurrentRow("Extension") = CObj(Ext.Substring(1))

    ' Return the phone number.
    e.Value = PhoneNumber
End Sub

  8. Fügen Sie dem Formular zwei Button-Steuerelemente hinzu. Nennen Sie diese previousButton und nextButton. Doppelklicken Sie auf jede Schaltfläche, um einen Click-Ereignishandler hinzuzufügen, und füllen Sie die Ereignishandler, wie im folgenden Codebeispiel veranschaulicht, mit Daten.

    private void previousButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    BindingContext[employeesTable, "Employees"].Position = BindingContext[employeesTable, "Employees"].Position - 1;
}

private void nextButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    BindingContext[employeesTable, "Employees"].Position = BindingContext[employeesTable, "Employees"].Position + 1;
}

    Private Sub PreviousButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles PreviousButton.Click
    Me.BindingContext(EmployeesTable, "Employees").Position = Me.BindingContext(EmployeesTable, "Employees").Position - 1
End Sub

Private Sub NextButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles NextButton.Click
    Me.BindingContext(EmployeesTable, "Employees").Position = Me.BindingContext(EmployeesTable, "Employees").Position + 1
End Sub

  9. Führen Sie das Beispiel aus. Bearbeiten Sie die Daten, und verwenden Sie die Schaltflächen Zurück und Weiter, um zu überprüfen, ob die Daten einwandfrei in DataSet übernommen wurden.

Beispiel

Beim folgenden Codebeispiel handelt es sich um die vollständige Codeauflistung, die sich aus der Ausführung des vorherigen Verfahrens ergibt.

Imports System.Data.SqlClient

Public Class Form1
    Dim WithEvents CurrentBinding, PhoneBinding As Binding
    Dim EmployeesTable As New DataSet()
    Dim sc As SqlConnection
    Dim DataConnect As SqlDataAdapter

    Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
        DoMaskedBinding()
    End Sub

    Private Sub DoMaskedBinding()
        Try
            sc = New SqlConnection("Data Source=localhost;Initial Catalog=NORTHWIND;Integrated Security=SSPI")
            sc.Open()
        Catch ex As Exception
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)
            Application.Exit()
        End Try

        DataConnect = New SqlDataAdapter("SELECT * FROM Employees", sc)
        DataConnect.Fill(EmployeesTable, "Employees")

        ' Now bind MaskedTextBox to appropriate field. Note that we must create the Binding objects
        ' before adding them to the control - otherwise, we won't get a Format event on the 
        ' initial load. 
        Try
            CurrentBinding = New Binding("Text", EmployeesTable, "Employees.FirstName")
            firstName.DataBindings.Add(CurrentBinding)
            CurrentBinding = New Binding("Text", EmployeesTable, "Employees.LastName")
            lastName.DataBindings.Add(CurrentBinding)
            PhoneBinding = New Binding("Text", EmployeesTable, "Employees.HomePhone")
            PhoneMask.DataBindings.Add(PhoneBinding)
        Catch ex As Exception
            MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)
            Application.Exit()
        End Try
    End Sub

    Private Sub PhoneBinding_Format(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As ConvertEventArgs) Handles PhoneBinding.Format
        Dim Ext As String

        Dim CurrentRow As DataRowView = CType(Me.BindingContext(EmployeesTable, "Employees").Current, DataRowView)
        If (CurrentRow("Extension") Is Nothing) Then
            Ext = ""
        Else
            Ext = CurrentRow("Extension").ToString()
        End If

        e.Value = e.Value.ToString().Trim() & " x" & Ext
    End Sub

    Private Sub PhoneBinding_Parse(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As ConvertEventArgs) Handles PhoneBinding.Parse
        Dim PhoneNumberAndExt As String = e.Value.ToString()

        Dim ExtIndex As Integer = PhoneNumberAndExt.IndexOf("x")
        Dim Ext As String = PhoneNumberAndExt.Substring(ExtIndex).Trim()
        Dim PhoneNumber As String = PhoneNumberAndExt.Substring(0, ExtIndex).Trim()

        ' Get the current binding object, and set the new extension manually. 
        Dim CurrentRow As DataRowView = CType(Me.BindingContext(EmployeesTable, "Employees").Current, DataRowView)
        ' Remove the "x" from the extension.
        CurrentRow("Extension") = CObj(Ext.Substring(1))

        ' Return the phone number.
        e.Value = PhoneNumber
    End Sub

    Private Sub NextButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles NextButton.Click
        Me.BindingContext(EmployeesTable, "Employees").Position = Me.BindingContext(EmployeesTable, "Employees").Position + 1
    End Sub

    Private Sub PreviousButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles PreviousButton.Click
        Me.BindingContext(EmployeesTable, "Employees").Position = Me.BindingContext(EmployeesTable, "Employees").Position - 1
    End Sub
End Class

#region Using directives

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data.SqlClient;

#endregion

namespace MaskedTextBoxDataCSharp
{
    partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        Binding currentBinding, phoneBinding;
        DataSet employeesTable = new DataSet();
        SqlConnection sc;
        SqlDataAdapter dataConnect;

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void Form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            DoMaskBinding();
        }

        private void DoMaskBinding()
        {
            try
            {
                sc = new SqlConnection("Data Source=localhost;Initial Catalog=NORTHWIND;Integrated Security=SSPI");
                sc.Open();
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
                return;
            }

            dataConnect = new SqlDataAdapter("SELECT * FROM Employees", sc);
            dataConnect.Fill(employeesTable, "Employees");


            // Now bind MaskedTextBox to appropriate field. Note that we must create the Binding objects
            // before adding them to the control - otherwise, we won't get a Format event on the 
            // initial load. 
            try
            {
                currentBinding = new Binding("Text", employeesTable, "Employees.FirstName");
                firstName.DataBindings.Add(currentBinding);

                currentBinding = new Binding("Text", employeesTable, "Employees.LastName");
                lastName.DataBindings.Add(currentBinding);

                phoneBinding =new Binding("Text", employeesTable, "Employees.HomePhone");
                // We must add the event handlers before we bind, or the Format event will not get called
                // for the first record.
                phoneBinding.Format += new ConvertEventHandler(phoneBinding_Format);
                phoneBinding.Parse += new ConvertEventHandler(phoneBinding_Parse);
                phoneMask.DataBindings.Add(phoneBinding);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
                return;
            }
        }

        private void phoneBinding_Format(Object sender, ConvertEventArgs e)
        {
            String ext;

            DataRowView currentRow = (DataRowView)BindingContext[employeesTable, "Employees"].Current;
            if (currentRow["Extension"] == null) 
            {
                ext = "";
            } else 
            {
                ext = currentRow["Extension"].ToString();
            }

            e.Value = e.Value.ToString().Trim() + " x" + ext;
        }

        private void phoneBinding_Parse(Object sender, ConvertEventArgs e)
        {
            String phoneNumberAndExt = e.Value.ToString();

            int extIndex = phoneNumberAndExt.IndexOf("x");
            String ext = phoneNumberAndExt.Substring(extIndex).Trim();
            String phoneNumber = phoneNumberAndExt.Substring(0, extIndex).Trim();

            //Get the current binding object, and set the new extension manually. 
            DataRowView currentRow = (DataRowView)BindingContext[employeesTable, "Employees"].Current;
            // Remove the "x" from the extension.
            currentRow["Extension"] = ext.Substring(1);

            //Return the phone number.
            e.Value = phoneNumber;
        }

        private void previousButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            BindingContext[employeesTable, "Employees"].Position = BindingContext[employeesTable, "Employees"].Position - 1;
        }

        private void nextButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            BindingContext[employeesTable, "Employees"].Position = BindingContext[employeesTable, "Employees"].Position + 1;
        }
    }
}

Kompilieren des Codes

  • Erstellen Sie ein Visual C#- oder Visual Basic-Projekt.

  • Fügen Sie dem Formular das TextBox-Steuerelement und das MaskedTextBox-Steuerelement hinzu, wie im vorherigen Verfahren beschrieben.

  • Öffnen Sie die Quellcodedatei für das Standardformular des Projekts.

  • Ersetzen Sie den Quellcode in dieser Datei durch den im vorherigen "Code"-Abschnitt aufgelisteten Code.

  • Kompilieren Sie die Anwendung.

Siehe auch

Aufgaben

Exemplarische Vorgehensweise: Arbeiten mit dem MaskedTextBox-Steuerelement