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Fetch work items with queries programmatically

  • Članak

Azure DevOps Services

Fetching work items using queries is a common scenario in Azure DevOps Services. This article explains how to implement this scenario programmatically using REST APIs or .NET client libraries.

Prerequisites

Category Requirements
Azure DevOps - An organization.<\br>- A Personal Access Token (PAT).
Development environment A C# development environment. You can use Visual Studio.

Important

We use Personal Access Tokens (PATs) as an example in this article, but we don't recommend using PATs. For more secure authentication mechanisms, see Authentication guidance.

Create a C# project in Visual Studio

For information about C# programming within Visual Studio, see the Visual Studio C# programming documentation.

C# code content

The following tasks occur in the code snippet:

  • Authenticate
    1. Create credentials using your Personal Access Token (PAT).
    2. Generate the client using the credentials.
  • Get the work items
    1. Create the query you want to use.
    2. Retrieve the results for that query.
    3. Fetch each of the work items by ID.

C# code snippet

// nuget:Microsoft.TeamFoundationServer.Client
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.TeamFoundation.WorkItemTracking.WebApi;
using Microsoft.TeamFoundation.WorkItemTracking.WebApi.Models;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Services.Common;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Services.WebApi;

public class QueryExecutor
{
    private readonly Uri uri;
    private readonly string personalAccessToken;

    /// <summary>
    /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="QueryExecutor" /> class.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="orgName">
    /// An organization in Azure DevOps Services. If you don't have one, you can create one for free:
    /// <see href="https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=307137" />.
    /// </param>
    /// <param name="personalAccessToken">
    /// A Personal Access Token, find out how to create one:
    /// <see href="/azure/devops/organizations/accounts/use-personal-access-tokens-to-authenticate?view=azure-devops" />.
    /// </param>
    public QueryExecutor(string orgName, string personalAccessToken)
    {
        this.uri = new Uri("https://dev.azure.com/" + orgName);
        this.personalAccessToken = personalAccessToken;
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Execute a WIQL (Work Item Query Language) query to return a list of open bugs.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="project">The name of your project within your organization.</param>
    /// <returns>A list of <see cref="WorkItem"/> objects representing all the open bugs.</returns>
    public async Task<IList<WorkItem>> QueryOpenBugs(string project)
    {
        var credentials = new VssBasicCredential(string.Empty, this.personalAccessToken);
        var wiql = new Wiql()
        {
            Query = "Select [Id] " +
                    "From WorkItems " +
                    "Where [Work Item Type] = 'Bug' " +
                    "And [System.TeamProject] = '" + project + "' " +
                    "And [System.State] <> 'Closed' " +
                    "Order By [State] Asc, [Changed Date] Desc",
        };

        using (var httpClient = new WorkItemTrackingHttpClient(this.uri, new VssCredentials(credentials)))
        {
            try
            {
                var result = await httpClient.QueryByWiqlAsync(wiql).ConfigureAwait(false);
                var ids = result.WorkItems.Select(item => item.Id).ToArray();

                if (ids.Length == 0)
                {
                    return Array.Empty<WorkItem>();
                }

                var fields = new[] { "System.Id", "System.Title", "System.State" };
                return await httpClient.GetWorkItemsAsync(ids, fields, result.AsOf).ConfigureAwait(false);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Error querying work items: " + ex.Message);
                return Array.Empty<WorkItem>();
            }
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// Execute a WIQL (Work Item Query Language) query to print a list of open bugs.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="project">The name of your project within your organization.</param>
    /// <returns>An async task.</returns>
    public async Task PrintOpenBugsAsync(string project)
    {
        var workItems = await this.QueryOpenBugs(project).ConfigureAwait(false);
        Console.WriteLine("Query Results: {0} items found", workItems.Count);

        foreach (var workItem in workItems)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(
                "{0}\t{1}\t{2}",
                workItem.Id,
                workItem.Fields["System.Title"],
                workItem.Fields["System.State"]);
        }
    }
}